Shena Food Stuff

Laneige Vitamin C Effector

For the first few years of my skincare journey with South Korean beauty products, I have learned several ways to boost the effect of brightening skincare products that I was using to give my skin somewhat faster results but the initial concept is actually to give way for the rest of the products to be well-absorbed into skin by removing the dead skin cells rather gently.

Unlike recent years, there were not much of choice when it comes to exfoliating skincare products as it was either using physical exfoliators like scrubs and peeling gels or first treatment essences filled with fermented extracts, witch hazel extracts, black sugar extracts; basically ingredients that can help making skin even smoother. In today's market, we have acid-containing treatment products like exfoliating toners and high-percentage of Alpha-Hydroxy-Acid (AHA), Beta Hydroxy-Acid (BHA) even Poly-Hydroxy-Acid (PHA) essences or serums which are known as chemical exfoliators.

But before deciding on which of these exfoliating products to be incorporated in your skincare routine, you should know the kind of ingredients that your skin can actually tolerate and the intensity of the ingredients itself before buying so today I'm going to share about this antioxidant-filled skincare booster which gives brighter and healthier complexion.

Product Description Vitamin booster with 92.5% super berry extracts that have clarifying effects, giving you a brighter complexion. Contains 92.5% super berry extracts rich in vitamin C

Anti-oxidizing super berry extracts for skincare. Extracts from acerola cherry and acai berries, super berries with four times' anti-oxidizing effects of Vitamin C, prevent skin from oxidizing to help you achieve a healthier appearance.
Clean and even brightening care. Clear C, LANEIGE's original essence, contains Melacrusher and super berry extracts, components with 3.5 times' brightening effect when used together for bright, clear skin.
Water-type booster for fast absorption. The water-type formula is quickly absorbed by skin as it moisturizes. Unlike most water-based essence, the container comes with a pump that makes it easier to dispense.

How to Use:Use the enclosed dual-textured cotton for day and night care. Capacity: 150ml

Malpighia Emarginata (Acerola) Fruit Extract, Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Extract, Propanediol, Alcohol, Niacinamide, Butylene Glycol, Moringa Pterygosperma Seed Extract, Melia Azadirachta Extract, Prunus Mume Fruit Extract, Nasturtium Officinale Extract, Nelumbium Speciosum Flower Extract, Glutathione, Glycerin, Lecithin, Bis-PEG-18 Methyl Ether Dimethyl Silane, Sodium Magnesium Silicate, Adenosine, PEG-60 Hydrogenated Castor Oil, Water, Disodium EDTA, Fragrance

PACKAGING

As you can see, the product comes with its own set of cotton pads housed within the bigger box. There's a short product description at the back of the box itself but this product actually comes with its own information leaflet for your guide and reference. The small Distributor sticker indicates that the product is legally distributed by the brand's Malaysian official distributor,AmorePacific Malaysia Sdn Bhd. Period After Opening is12 Monthshowever it's better to finish the product as soon as you can once it's opened as my concern is that the product might have gone oxidised which I personally don't know for sure because the longest I take to finish the product is just 4 months.

There is infographic printed at the back of the cotton pad box for you to follow on how to gently drag the cotton pad across the facial area according to skin concerns. During the day, I'd pour the product onto the wave-patterned side of the cotton pad to smooth out my skin while at night, I'd use the smooth side of the pad and tap my facial area gently with it.

The product comes in that pretty, transparent pink glass bottle and again, there's English simple product description printed at the back of the bottle with the product expiry date printed at the bottom. The format is YYYYMMDD (Year-Month-Day).

The product comes with a lovely pump that dispenses sufficient amount of product that I need which is usually 3 to 4 pumps. Now, there's indicator at the side of the bottle that supposedly marks product usage on daily basis so it is assumed that the product needs to be finished within30 daysor so.

APPLICATION

The product comes in very watery texture so it is recommended that it is to be used by pouring it onto cotton pads and swipe the pad along the facial area, from inner to outer area of the face. Evidently, the product does help with removing my dead skin cells.

THOUGHTS

When it comes to exfoliating dead skin cells off my face these days, I'd prefer to use chemical exfoliators; Glycolic Acid (AHA)-containing exfoliating toner like 2 to 3 times a week depending on my skin condition at the time and I'm using first treatment essence like this as the first product to apply right after cleansing in between those days.

It has such a lovely watery texture that I canuse it on daily basis and there are times when I actually finished a single bottle within merely a month or so but as I do alternate this product with other products with similar functions, I usually finish 3 to 4 bottles within a year.

I never exfoliate my skin when I'm having sensitive skin days or just having bad reactions due to testing new skincare products but I'm glad I still can use this I'd refer to as first treatment essence now by just applying it directly onto skin without cotton pads because even cotton pads can cause irritation sometimes.I'd be tapping my fingers gently on my face until the essence is well absorbed into skin before applying the rest of my skincare products.

I still do love this product very much even after all these yearsas it helps with maintaining my overall skin health, complexionand makes my skin feeling smoother and softer right after every application.

I love that I can incorporate this product easily into my skincare routine especially a routine that mainly focuses on brightening the skin as I have used brightening skincare line from the brand, White Plus Renew for several rounds and I have definitely seen better result compared to when I didn't have this booster in my first round of it.

Talk about ingredients in this product, I'd like to highlight that this product does contains Alcohol however it doesn't make my skin feeling drier or anything but I always have hydrating toners, essences, serums even ampoules in my routine as I cannot afford not to have humectants, emollients and occlusives to seal all the moisture in the layers of skin so I definitely suggest for you to avoid alcohol-containing skincare products if you have dry skin.

If there's one thing that I don't like about the product is the fact that the bottle is made from glass which has broken once before as my hand slipped off the bottle but again, it's so pretty so I guess I'll just have to be very careful all the time.

SHOP THE PRODUCT

LANEIGE Clear C Advanced Effector EX 150ml

Review

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Laneige Vitamin C Effector

Source: https://blog.hermo.my/2019/12/09/laneige-clear-c-advanced-effector-ex/

Is Vitamin C Good For Kidney Function

Jack Desember 05, 2021

Is Vitamin C Good For Kidney Function

Photo Courtesy: Flashpop/DigitalVision//Getty Images

Whether in the form of a fizzy drink or flavored lozenges, cold and flu preventative supplements almost always highlight vitamin C as one of their key ingredients. So, what's so magical about vitamin C? Also known as ascorbic acid, vitamin C is critical to living healthily. Since the human body cannot spontaneously generate this nutrient, vitamin C must instead be absorbed from outside sources, such as vitamin supplements or foods that are naturally rich in it.

Commonly found in cold and flu preventative supplements, vitamin C strengthens and speeds up immune system functionality. Though research does not indicate that vitamin C intake alone can prevent the onset of cold or flu, adequate daily intake may shorten the duration of an infection or lessen the severity of symptoms.

Photo Courtesy: Catherine Falls Commercial/Moment/Getty Images

Vitamin C is crucial for the maintenance of well being. For example, it plays a role in wound healing and helps maintain many essential body tissues. It also acts as a potent antioxidant and can repair damage from free radicals, which are linked to aging effects, and disease vulnerability. Additionally, vitamin C can also prevent anemia, since it helps the body increase absorption of dietary iron, another vital mineral that the body cannot spontaneously create.

Foods that contain high concentrations of vitamin C have been linked with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease, like heart attack and stroke. Vitamin C can also increase levels of nitric oxide, a compound that widens blood vessels and, in turn, lowers blood pressure. In addition, regular intake of vitamin C, along with other vitamins, has been linked to a decreased risk for developing age-related cataracts, a leading cause of visual impairment in the United States.

Common Sources of Vitamin C

Vitamin C can be easily obtained through the many different foods, including:

Photo Courtesy: Akaradech Pramoonsin/Moment/Getty Images

Citrus fruits and juices (orange, grapefruit, lemon, lime and tangerine)
Berries
Melons
Mangoes
Kiwi
Tomato
Broccoli
Red peppers
Spinach
Squash
Potatoes

Cooking these foods may result in the loss of some of the vitamin content, so it is ideal to ingest them raw, either whole or juiced. Nowadays, there are also numerous packaged food products, like cereals, that have been enriched and fortified with vitamin C, so that the nutrient can be easily obtained.

Vitamin C may also be labeled as "L-ascorbic acid" in supplement form, and most over-the-counter multivitamins contain the recommended daily amount of the vitamin. While it is a good source when an individual is in need of a vitamin C boost, supplements are not meant to replace a diet rich in naturally derived vitamin C.

What Happens When You Have Too Much — or Too Little — Vitamin C?

Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin that can be easily flushed out of the body via urination when it is not needed. Therefore, if the main source of vitamin C is from naturally occurring foods, it is near-impossible for excess vitamin C to produce side effects. However, taking excessive concentrated vitamin C supplements may lead to diarrhea or stomach upset.

Photo Courtesy: Violeta Stoimenova/E+/Getty Images

Since vitamin C-rich foods are so readily available nowadays, symptoms of inadequate vitamin C intake are also rare in the United States. However, malnourished individuals can experience symptoms of vitamin C deficiency over time, including:

Weakness
Fatigue
Anemia
Easy bruising
Joint pain
Skin breakdown
Weakened tooth enamel
Gum inflammation

Severe vitamin C deficiency is referred to as scurvy. Scurvy can be easily treated with increased dietary or supplemental vitamin C. Since vitamin C is crucial in the detoxification of the body, a lack of vitamin C can compromise the immune system and make an individual more susceptible to diseases and infections. Individuals with insufficient vitamin C may find that it takes longer than usual to recover from a cold or a physical wound.

Daily Dosage Recommendations:

The daily dosage recommendation for vitamin C is different for everyone, depending on factors such as gender, age, lifestyle and current health condition. The recommended daily dosage for vitamin C is at least 75 mg daily for women and 90 mg for men. Since people who are pregnant, breast feeding, smoking or using oral contraceptives have a lower blood level of vitamin C than others, larger doses of vitamin C may be needed to achieve optimal results in these individuals. Those who have prior or current medical conditions may also require bigger or smaller dosage levels, as recommended by their healthcare providers.

Resource Links:

"Vitamin C" via MedlinePlus
"Vitamin C and Infections" via MDPI
"Extra Dose of Vitamin C Based on a Daily Supplementation Shortens the Common Cold: A Meta-Analysis of 9 Randomized Controlled Trials" via Hindawi, BioMed Research International
"Vitamin C" via National Institutes of Health
"Scurvy" via U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health
"Dietary intake and blood concentrations of antioxidants and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer, and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies" via The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
"Dietary vitamin and carotenoid intake and risk of age-related cataract" via The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
"Cardiovascular System" via Department of Anatomy, Seoul National University College of Medicine (via Springer)

Hcs Vitamin C Tablets Price In Pakistan

Jack Desember 05, 2021

Hcs Vitamin C Tablets Price In Pakistan

Eventone C Tablets

₨1,395.00 – ₨2,550.00

Eventone C tab helps prevent premature aging by neutralizing free radicals, helping to protect skin from any further damage caused by photoaging. Recent studies have shown that taking additional glutathione supplements can lead to a stronger immune system due to its immune-boosting properties. Reduces the appearance of dark, pigmented areas on the skin, leaving a brighter complexion and more even skin tone. One of the strongest antioxidants known Enhances the benefits of vitamins C and E. It Aids in moisture retention Makes skin more youthful and supple and white.

Description
Additional information
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Description

Ingredients

L Glutathione, Vitamin C, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Milk Thistle Extract

Benefits

• Effectively whitens and improves the skin condition

• Reduces skin dullness, dryness, and age spots

• Minimizes fine lines, wrinkles, and pores

• Softens and smoothens all types of skin

• Protection against environmental damage

• Improves the appearance and skin texture

Directions

One-tab 500mg twice a day either at one time or in divided dosages. The dose should continue for Medium Brown Skin 1-3 months, Dark Brown Skin 3 -6 months, Very Dark Skin 6-12 months, Black Skin 2 years or more.

Additional information

Grams	1000mg, 500mg

Related products

Hcs Vitamin C Tablets Price In Pakistan

Source: https://pharmahealth.com.pk/product/eventone-c-tablets/

Foods High In Vitamin C And Magnesium

Jack Desember 05, 2021

Foods High In Vitamin C And Magnesium

15 Foods High in Vitamin C

Fact Checked Updated: Mar 2, 2021

Vitamin C keeps the immune system healthy, helping treat infections, viruses, and other conditions. Although research has not proven that vitamin C prevents the common cold, it can help people recover more quickly, and it may reduce the severity of the virus. Though most people think of oranges and orange juice, vitamin C is in many common foods.

Chili Peppers

Chili peppers can be used to spice up just about any dish, and they up your vitamin C intake, too. In addition to burning your tongue, a half cup of diced chili peppers contains more than 100 percent of your recommended daily vitamin C. They also have plenty of other nutrients, like vitamins A and B6 and potassium. To add chili peppers to your diet, try dicing and putting them into soups, curries or meat dishes for a little extra spice. In addition to vitamin C's effects on viruses, the capsaicin in chili peppers can help to clear nasal passages and relieve headaches during cold season, too.

Strawberries

Strawberries are not just delicious; they are one of the best sources of vitamin C, containing even more than oranges. They're also a great source of folate, antioxidants, manganese, and potassium. Strawberries are easy to add to your diet; they can top yogurt or cereal, sweeten smoothies, make a great, simple snack.

Mangos

If you want to consume more vitamin C, turn to mangos. One cup of diced mango pieces can meet your daily recommended intake of vitamin C. Due to their size, eating an entire mango can provide nearly twice the recommended amount. That boost may help to keep you healthy and decrease viral recovery time. Mangos might not be as popular as apples and oranges in the produce section, but given how much protein, potassium, and vitamins are packed into these fruits, maybe they should be!

Sweet Peppers

If chili peppers are too much, sweet peppers can also provide vitamin C. A half cup of chopped green peppers has up to three times the daily recommended intake of vitamin C, and the more colorful sweet peppers contain more than 100%. Raw vegetables contain the most nutrients, so try snacking on raw slices and low-fat dip or dicing them up for salads. Even cooked peppers retain a lot of their nutritional benefits.

Kohlrabi

This turnip-looking green root vegetable is a member of the cabbage family and a cup gives you more than the recommended daily amount of Vitamin C. Kohlrabi contains many key nutrients, including vitamin C, fiber and antioxidants, potassium, magnesium, and vitamin B6. The sweet, crunchy, lightly flavored veggie is delicious raw, but can also be steamed as a side dish.

Kale

Kale is a superfood because of high levels of vitamin K and vitamin A, but it's also a great source of vitamin C, containing about 130% of the daily recommended amount in every cup. In addition, kale is full of iron, omega-3 fatty acids, and other important nutrients. It's easy to add more kale to your diet by swapping it for lettuce in salads or adding it to smoothies.

Pineapple

A cup of pineapple has more than 75 mg of vitamin C. Pineapples have a lot of bromelain, an enzyme that can help with food breakdown during digestion, improving the body;'s ability to absorb nutrients. Pineapple is available fresh, frozen, dried, and canned. Many studies suggest frozen fruit has as much, if not more, nutritional value as fresh, though it may affect the flavor.

Kiwi

Kiwi is a great snack for anyone on the go, and it's packed with vitamins C, K, and E, fiber, and potassium. Although you can eat the peel safely, the best way to eat kiwi is to cut it in half and use a spoon to scoop out the center. Kiwi also has lots of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties. These fruits are small and easy to prepare, so pack one to eat at your desk at work, or add them to fruit salad.

Grapefruit

The grapefruit diet might not be as trendy as it once was, but grapefruit is still an excellent source of nutrients. A great source of vitamin C, of course, the citrus fruit also contains vitamin A, potassium, and fiber. Grapefruits also offer lycopene, which has been shown to fight cancer-causing cells and reduce the risk of developing tumors. Research shows that grapefruit improves heart health, making it a good option for those with cardiovascular issues. You can drink grapefruit juice and get many of the same health benefits, but eating half a fruit for breakfast or as a mid-afternoon snack is ideal.

Cauliflower

A cup of cauliflower can meet about 85 percent of your recommended daily intake of vitamin C. This vegetable from the brassica family is a healthy way to get vitamin B6, fiber, and potassium into your diet. A cup of cauliflower only has about 25 calories. For maximum nutrients, try raw cauliflower pieces with yogurt dip. You can also steam or boil cauliflower for a healthy side dish.

Broccoli

Broccoli is packed with nearly 135 percent of the recommended daily intake of this important nutrient in a single-cup serving. It also has lots of other healthy components, like vitamin B6, vitamin A, and plenty of fiber. Both the stems and the flowering heads are edible, and the cruciferous veggie can be served cooked or raw.

Brussels Sprouts

Brussels sprouts might not be at the top of everyone's list, but they're full of vitamin C and have fewer than 40 calories per cup. They're also bursting with potassium, vitamin B6, and vitamin A, and a healthy dose of fiber. Steam or roast Brussels sprouts for a healthy, vitamin C-filled side dish with your next meal.

Guava

Guava grows primarily in Central and South America and is not always well-known to North Americans. However, just one cup of the pretty pink fruit contains a whopping 625 percent of your recommended daily vitamin C. It includes 36 percent of recommended fiber, and 20 percent of vitamin A, too. Guava has been known to help with everything from common colds to high blood pressure.

Papaya

The papaya is another tropical fruit full of vitamins and minerals. It makes a great ingredient for smoothies, salads, and other delicious dishes, and delivers about 150 percent of daily vitamin C in every cup. That amount also has less than half a gram of total fat and just 62 calories. Papaya has a sweet, tropical taste with a very smooth consistency.

Cantaloupe

Cantaloupe is a great source of vitamin C. The melon exceeds the recommended daily value for vitamin A and contains plenty of potassium, too. Because vitamin C is very beneficial to immune system function and heart health, cantaloupe is a good choice for those at risk for cardiovascular concerns. Eating a dish of cantaloupe every day can also help fend off viruses and other illnesses by strengthening the immune system.

Foods High In Vitamin C And Magnesium

Source: https://facty.com/food/nutrition/15-foods-high-in-vitamin-c/

Drinking Too Much Vitamin C

Jack Desember 05, 2021

Drinking Too Much Vitamin C

Dangerous Side Effects of Taking Too Much Vitamin C

Yes, you can overdose on this immune-booster.

January 14, 2021

Vitamin c effervescent tablet spilling out of white plastic bottle — Shutterstock

Many of us are looking for ways to boost our immune system and protect ourselves from COVID-19, so we are increasingly turning to supplements. But if not used properly, those supplements could go from friend to foe very quickly.

Vitamin C is one of the best-known immune-boosters out there, but even this vital substance can be misused and cause negative side effects to your health. Overdosing on vitamin C usually occurs from taking it in supplement form, which is why experts recommend ingesting most of your vitamin C through food, where the chances of getting too much are virtually zero.

Vitamin C has been lauded as a useful supplement in the battle against coronavirus. Clinical studies have shown that it can help with recovery in patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms.

Read on to find out how much of the supplement is safe to take, and the health issues taking too much of it could cause. And don't miss The 7 Healthiest Foods to Eat Right Now.

Man suffering from back pain and kidney stones — Shutterstock

According to Dr. David Hernandez, a urologist and professor for at University of South Florida, it's best to get vitamin C from your diet. Taking too much of the supplement could lead to kidney stones over time, he warns.

"There are some studies suggesting that not dietary, but supplemental vitamin C at doses more than a gram a day, a thousand milligrams a day, can increase your risk for stones because of the effect of the oxalate levels in your urine increasing," Hernandez told WTSP.

Oxalate is a bodily waste product that rids you of excess vitamin C, normally through urine. In some cases, it can bind to minerals and form crystals, which is the cause of kidney stones.

To avoid this, eat a balanced diet of fruits, vegetables, and lean meats, which should provide you with enough vitamin C naturally. Here are 5 Foods High in This Vitamin That Can Help Protect You From COVID-19.

And don't forget to sign up for our newsletterto get the latest restaurant news delivered straight to your inbox.

Woman holding stomach cramps digestive problems — Shutterstock

Another likely symptom you'll experience if you consume too much vitamin C is digestive distress. While you won't get this issue from eating too many vitamin C–rich foods, overdosing on the supplement is likely to cause diarrhea, nausea, and sometimes acid reflux.

To avoid an upset stomach, you shouldn't take more than 2,000 milligrams of vitamin C supplements at once, as that's been identified as the tolerable upper limit per day.

Woman having chest pain and coughing while lying down on sofa at home. — iStock

Vitamin C is known to increase iron absorption, but taking too much of it could lead to iron overload. In turn, this can cause serious damage to your heart, liver, thyroid, pancreas, and central nervous system, according to Healthline.

Iron overload is most likely to occur in individuals that have certain medical conditions, like hemochromatosis, which is a hereditary condition that increases iron absorption.

And for more, check out these 108 most popular sodas ranked by how toxic they are.

Mura Dominko

Mura is a Deputy Editor leading ETNT's coverage of America's favorite fast foods and restaurant chains. Read more

Drinking Too Much Vitamin C

Source: https://www.eatthis.com/news-dangerous-side-effects-taking-too-much-vitamin-c/

Does Vitamin C Cause Pimples

Jack Desember 05, 2021

Does Vitamin C Cause Pimples

Wendy Ouriel

Vitamin C serums can make you breakout with acne — Vitamin C crystals

Last week I had the honor of sitting on a scholarship panel for the University of California, Irvine medical school. This is something I have done for two years, and it is an excellent opportunity, not just to provide funding for great research, but to learn of what new biological research is being conducted.

Lately my research has been focused on skin care-related biology, which means I have tunnel vision and seldom get to venture out into other areas of scientific progress. Biology is a vast field and even if I were to spend 24 hours a day, 7 days a week reading, I could not even begin to scratch the surface of any developed field in less than 1 years time. Therefore, I look forward to such panels because I am able to read current research as it is developing, and often this is research I would never get the chance to explore on my own time.

One research paper that I was to assess for the scholarship was the research of a MD/PhD student who was exploring reactive oxygen species (ROS) and how they are regulated by a certain protein. The paper focused on how alterations in this protein can affect how much ROS is produced by the body, and when unregulated can lead to certain types of cancer. The cancer aspect of this paper was not interesting, nor was it novel. It has been well researched in a mountain of studies that ROS can lead to cancer. The negative of ROS wasn't interesting, what was interesting was a side buried in the introduction: The positive of ROS.

Reactive oxygen species have a necessary function in the body that I was previously unaware of: they act as a natural anti-microbial agent. Too much ROS, of course, is a bad thing, as the scholarship applicant's research (and many others) have supported, but the regulated amount of ROS naturally produced by the body is needed to prevent bacterial, fungal and other pathogenic invasion from infecting the body. And this is important in the context of skin care.

Vitamin C serums disrupt the balance of ROS and are not good for acne

ROS and antioxidants have a healthy equilibrium in the body. When too much ROS is produced, disease can occur. However, the scale can tip the other way and when there are not enough ROS in the body, disease can also occur.

Source: Zhang FQ, Wang YS, Lou ZP, JunDe Dong JD (2007)

Your skin has a delicate microbiome of healthy bacteria that maintains a proper balance necessary for a disease-free environment. The biological properties that contribute to the healthy microbiome is well founded by research: proper moisture content, regular cell cycle, a healthy pH. When that balance gets disrupted, the skin gets sick. Sickness can include acne, dermatitis, folliculitis, and many others. The microbiome can get disrupted by raising skin's pH (through use of foaming and/or alkaline cleansers), by introducing an inflammatory agent to the skin (essential oils or fragrance), by mechanically damaging the skin (such as with a scrub, microdermabrasion, dermarolling, etc), all of which is well known. However, I believe we should consider adding one more to the list of skin damaging agents. One that has long been hailed as a panacea of human disease and considered a hero of skin care: antioxidants.

First and foremost, I hate to break it to any antioxidant fanatics out there, but the free radical theory of aging is not law in biology. And there is enough evidence to the contrary to support that the free radical theory is possibly an overgeneralization of how aging actually occurs, and that the aging process is much more complex than just: accumulation of ROS over time —> aging. This means that you can eat all the blueberries you'd like, you are still going to age. But keep eating them because of their vitamin content, low calories, fiber and other qualities that more likely contribute to longevity other than their antioxidant content.

So do antioxidants in skin care actually have any benefit? Yes and no. When you use skin care formulated with beneficial oils and extracts, I do believe that there are benefits. The oils and extracts themselves contribute to skin health because of their vitamin and mineral content, their fatty acid composition (for oils), and other factors that assist with maintaining the skin's healthy balance. When antioxidants are in oils and extracts, they are diluted and in low concentrations. In this case, they assist with anti-inflammatory action and have skin health benefits. They do not disrupt skin's microbiome and do not interfere with ROS doing its job of keeping bacterial pathogens away.

Vitamin C serums broke the skin down because they discharged ROS

ROS is needed for normal, healthy function, from cell proliferation to keeping bacterial pathogen away. However, like anything, too much of something can be unhealthy. Too much ROS can lead to cell death and tumor formation.

Source: Galadari, S., Rahman, A., Pallichankandy, S., & Thayyullathil, F. (2017)

Antioxidants in skin care are bad when they are in concentrated form and disrupt the body's natural ability to fight off bacteria. When are antioxidants in concentrated form? In vitamin C serums.

When I wrote some time ago about how damaging vitamin C serums are to the skin, I received a mountain of responses of women and men telling me their stories of how vitamin C serums gave them acne and other skin diseases. I knew that it was because vitamin C serums broke the skin down because they discharged ROS due to their oxygenating effect in the skin. However, what I didn't know at the time was how antioxidants, when in concentrated form can take away beneficial ROS, leading to bacterial infection. The issue of vitamin C serums and their damaging effect on skin is much more complicated than I originally thought.

So now it seems, from an oxidation standpoint, vitamin C serums damage the skin in two ways:

Their oxygenating effect creates ROS in the skin which breaks the skin down, creating inflammation, and leading increased susceptibility to pathogenic infection
Their antioxidant effect destroys the healthy ROS created by the body to prevent bacterial infection.

The two together creates a storm that disrupts the body's ability to maintain a healthy balance which is why vitamin C serums have destroyed so many people's skin.

So if you used a vitamin C serum and it gave you acne, redness or any other skin issue, it is because the serum took away your body's ability to fight off bacteria, and weakened it, inviting pathogens to infect your skin.

The killing of healthy ROS and creating unhealthy ROS reminds me of when people use scrubs, face brushes and/or harsh cleansers on their skin and get acne as a result: You scrub off the healthy, balanced oil that your skin produced. The skin becomes stripped and imbalanced. Then your body makes more oil in haste to replenish what was lost. But this time the oil is inflammatory, and your skin has all the hallmarks of acne: redness, closed comedones etc.

Vitamin B12 has been implicated in its ability to cause acne when in excess in the body, however this has been noted for injections of the vitamin, and not when topically applied. What is important to note is the term excess, and how this relates to vitamin C serums. There is also research that suggests that when antioxidants are in excess in the body, this contributes to virulence and oxidative stress.

Vitamin C serums are clumsy in their formulation. The vast majority of serums have a haphazard and dubious amount of the vitamin in the serum, formulated by no scientifically justifiable standards (the presence of vitamin C itself in a topical product to up-regulate collagen is not scientifically justified). And coupled by the fact that the vitamin is in isolated form in your serum means you are getting too much to be good for you. Vitamin C serums are excess that you are imposing on your body and you will disrupt your skin by using them. Maybe not now, but certainly over time.

Vitamin C serums are not a product born of scientific research and rigorous methodology and experimentation. Vitamin C serums are a product born of clever marketing, the misrepresentation of results, and profitable conflicts of interest. It is a bottle whose exterior is cloaked in the trustworthy guise of science, and its contents a nostrum potion.

I believe that less is always more in skin care and that we shouldn't go for quick fixes, fall for marketing hogwash, or bathe in pseudoscientific snake oil. I believe in tried and true methodology and taking a scientific, modern take on long-held skin care practices. That means exfoliation, light and natural serums, and gentle cleansing. Once I stopped listening to the fads and started taking a pragmatic and empirical approach to skin care, my acne disappeared and clear skin took its place. Vitamin C serums are one of those fad products that I hope will disappear with time, and I am certain that we will see adult acne disappear with it too.

References:

Brescoll, J., & Daveluy, S. (2015). A review of vitamin B12 in dermatology. American journal of clinical dermatology, 16(1), 27-33.

Dinakar, C., Abhaypratap, V., Yearla, S.R. et al. Planta (2010) 231: 461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-009-1067-3

Fang, F. C. (2011). Antimicrobial actions of reactive oxygen species. MBio, 2(5).

Galadari, S., Rahman, A., Pallichankandy, S., & Thayyullathil, F. (2017). Reactive oxygen species and cancer paradox: to promote or to suppress?. Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 104, 144-164.

He, W., Kim, H. K., Wamer, W. G., Melka, D., Callahan, J. H., & Yin, J. J. (2013). Photogenerated charge carriers and reactive oxygen species in ZnO/Au hybrid nanostructures with enhanced photocatalytic and antibacterial activity. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 136(2), 750-757.

Hébrard, M., Viala, J. P., Méresse, S., Barras, F., & Aussel, L. (2009). Redundant hydrogen peroxide scavengers contribute to Salmonella virulence and oxidative stress resistance. Journal of bacteriology, 191(14), 4605-4614.

Paiva, C. N., & Bozza, M. T. (2014). Are reactive oxygen species always detrimental to pathogens?. Antioxidants & redox signaling, 20(6), 1000-1037.

Scales, B. S., & Huffnagle, G. B. (2013). The microbiome in wound repair and tissue fibrosis. The Journal of pathology, 229(2), 323-331.

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Does Vitamin C Cause Pimples

Source: https://www.oumere.com/blogs/news/how-vitamin-c-serums-cause-acne-in-healthy-skin

Deficiency Manifestation Of Vitamin C

Jack Desember 04, 2021

Deficiency Manifestation Of Vitamin C

Practice Essentials

Scurvy is a state of dietary deficiency of vitamin C (ascorbic acid). The human body lacks the ability to synthesize and make vitamin C and therefore depends on exogenous dietary sources to meet vitamin C needs.The body's pool of vitamin C can be depleted in 1-3 months. Ascorbic acid is prone to oxidation in vivo, and body stores are affected by environmental and lifestyle factors (eg, smoking), biological conditions (eg, inflammation, iron excess), and pathologic conditions (eg, malabsorption) that may alter its oxidation. Consumption of fruits and vegetables or diets fortified with vitamin C is essential to avoid ascorbic acid deficiency.^{[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]}

Although scurvy is uncommon, it still occurs and can affect adults and children who have chronic dietary vitamin C deficiency (see the image below).

Anteroposterior radiograph of the lower extremitie

Anteroposterior radiograph of the lower extremities shows ground-glass osteopenia, a characteristic of scurvy.

See 21 Hidden Clues to Diagnosing Nutritional Deficiencies, a Critical Images slideshow, to help identify clues to conditions associated with malnutrition.

Signs and symptoms include fatigue, malaise, anemia, myalgia, bone pain, easy bruising, swelling, petechiae, gingivitis, perifollicular hemorrhages, corkscrew hairs, and poor wound healing. If left untreated, the disease can progress to jaundice, neuropathy, hemolysis, seizures, and death.

Plasma ascorbic acid level may help in establishing the diagnosis, but this level tends to reflect the recent dietary intake rather than the actual tissue levels of vitamin C. Signs of scurvy can occur with low-normal serum levels of vitamin C.

The only effective therapy for scurvy is vitamin C replacement. Thus, the goal of treatment is to saturate the body rapidly with ascorbic acid; at maximum doses, body stores become saturated in a few days. With proper treatment, bleeding stops within 24 hours, and perifollicular petechiae resolve in 2 weeks.

Pathophysiology

Humans, other primates, and guinea pigs are unable to synthesize L-ascorbic acid (vitamin C); therefore, they require it in their diet.^[7]The enzyme L-gluconolactone oxidase, which would usually catalyze the conversion of L-gluconogammalactone to L-ascorbic acid, is defective due to a mutation or inborn error in carbohydrate metabolism.

The total body pool of vitamin C is approximately 1500 mg. The absorbed vitamin is found ubiquitously in body tissues, with the highest concentrations in glandular tissue and the lowest concentrations in muscle and stored fat. Ascorbic acid is metabolized in the liver by oxidation and sulfation. The renal threshold for excretion by the kidney in urine is approximately 1.4 mg/100 mL plasma. Excess amounts of ascorbic acid are excreted unchanged or as metabolites. When body tissue or plasma concentrations of vitamin C are low, excretion of the vitamin is decreased. Scurvy occurs after vitamin C has been eliminated from the diet for at least 3 months and when the body pool falls below 350 mg.

One study identified a genetic polymorphism of the human plasma protein haptoglobin, Hp 2, which may be an important non-nutritional modifying factor in the pathogenesis of vitamin C deficiency. The Hp 2-2 polymers are less efficient inhibitors of hemoglobin-driven oxidative stress, leading to ascorbic acid depletion. The Hp 2-2 phenotype is present in 35% of whites and 50% of South Asians and East Asians and may help identify patients who are more prone to develop clinically significant vitamin C deficiency.^[1]

Vitamin C functionality

Vitamin C is required as a redox agent, reducing metal ions in many enzymes and removing free radicals. In this capacity, it protects DNA, protein, and vessel walls from damage caused by free radicals.

Vitamin C is functionally most relevant for the triple-helix formation of collagen; a vitamin C deficiency results in impaired collagen synthesis. The typical pathologic manifestations of vitamin C deficiency, including poor wound healing, are noted in collagen-containing tissues and in organs and tissues such as skin, cartilage, dentine, osteoid, and capillary blood vessels. Pathologic changes in affected children and adults are a function of the rate of growth of the affected tissues; hence, the bone changes are often observed only in infants during periods of rapid bone growth. Defective collagen synthesis leads to defective dentine formation, hemorrhaging into the gums, and loss of teeth. Hemorrhaging is a hallmark feature of scurvy and can occur in any organ. Hair follicles are one of the common sites of cutaneous bleeding.

The bony changes occur at the junction between the end of the diaphysis and growth cartilage. Osteoblasts fail to form osteoid (bone matrix), resulting in cessation of endochondral bone formation. Calcification of the growth cartilage at the end of the long bones continues, leading to the thickening of the growth plate. The typical invasion of the growth cartilage by the capillaries does not occur.

Preexisting bone becomes brittle and undergoes resorption at a normal rate, resulting in microscopic fractures of the spicules between the shaft and calcified cartilage. With these fractures, the periosteum becomes loosened, resulting in the classic subperiosteal hemorrhage at the ends of the long bones. Guidelines for the evaluation of fractures in infants and young children have been established.^[8]Intra-articular hemorrhage is rare because the periosteal attachment to the growth plate is very firm.

Although the clinical manifestations are unclear, vitamin C is a cofactor in the metabolism of tyrosine and cholesterol and the synthesis of carnitine, neurotransmitters (eg, norepinephrine), peptide hormones, corticosteroids, and aldosterone.

Vitamin C also affects hematopoiesis by enhancing the absorption of iron from the small intestine by reducing dietary iron from the ferric form to the ferrous form. This may contribute to the anemia seen with vitamin C deficiency, in which the availability of intracellular iron is reduced. Vitamin C is also necessary to convert folic acid to its active metabolite, folinic acid.

Etiology

Scurvy is caused by a prolonged dietary deficiency of vitamin C. Humans obtain 90% of their intake of vitamin C from fruits and vegetables, and cooking these sources decreases vitamin C content 20-40%. The National Health Institute (NIH), the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Sciences, and the National Research Council recommend a daily dietary allowance of vitamin C of 75 mg for women and 90 mg for men.

The body's pool of vitamin C can be depleted in 1-3 months. Ascorbic acid is prone to oxidation in vivo, and body stores are affected by environmental and lifestyle factors (eg, smoking), biological conditions (eg, inflammation, iron excess), and pathologic conditions (eg, malabsorption) that may alter its oxidation.

Risk factors for vitamin C deficiency include the following:^[9]

Babies who are fed only cow's milk or plant-based beverages (almond milk)^[10]during the first year of life
Alcoholic individuals^[7]and those who conform to food fads
Elderly individuals who eat a tea-and-toast diet; retired people who live alone and those who eat primarily at fast food restaurants^[2]
Economically disadvantaged persons, who tend to not purchase foods high in vitamin C (eg, green vegetables, citrus fruits)^[11]
Refugees who are dependent on external suppliers for their food and have limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables
Cigarette smokers: These individuals require an increased intake of vitamin C because of lower vitamin C absorption and increased catabolism
Pregnant and lactating women and those with thyrotoxicosis: These individuals require an increased intake of vitamin C because of increased utilization
People with anorexia nervosa or anorexia from other diseases such as AIDS or cancer^[12]
People with type 1 diabetes have increased vitamin C requirements, as do those on hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis^{[13, 14]}
People with disease of the small intestine such as Crohn, Whipple, and celiac disease, as well as after gastric bypass surgery,^[15]because vitamin C is absorbed in the small intestine
Individuals with iron overload disorders - These may lead to renal vitamin C wasting

Other factors that may lead to vitamin C deficiency include ignorance (eg, boiling of fruit juices), restrictive diets imposed by food allergies, and neurodevelopmental disabilities associated with compromised oral intake of foods.^{[16, 3]}

A case report of vitamin C deficiency in a patient on warfarin raises the possibility of risk in the vitamin K–restricted diet, since overlap exists in foods containing vitamin K and vitamin C.^[17]

Studies have shown that iron is important in the absorption of vitamin C, and iron deficiency may lower the expression of the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter in intestinal cells, leading to vitamin C deficiency.^[18]

Besides poor diet and anorexia in cancer patients, another mechanism of vitamin C deficiency has been proposed. In a study of cancer patients with adequate daily intake but low serum vitamin C levels, authors proposed increased use of vitamin C possibly to scavenge lipid peroxides or vitamin C sequestration by tumor cells.^[19]

Epidemiology

United States statistics

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2003-2004) assessing the prevalence of vitamin C deficiency in the United States found that men aged 20-39 years and those older than 60 years had a higher prevalence of deficiency than similarly aged women. Overall, 8.2% of men and 6% of women (7.1% overall prevalence) were deficient in vitamin C, which is decreased from the NHANES 1994, which showed 14% of men and 10% of women deficient.^[20]NHANES 2005-2006 showed a lower prevalence of 3.6% of vitamin C deficiency among men and women older than 6 years.^[4]

Patients at risk include those who have chronic malnutrition, those who are elderly or alcoholic, those who subsist on diets devoid of fresh fruits and vegetables, and men who live alone (widower scurvy). Infants and children on restrictive diets because of medical, economic, or social reasons are at risk for scurvy. Occurrence of scurvy is uncommon in those younger than 7 months, although infants fed evaporated or condensed milk formulas may develop this disease. If a mother has an adequate diet, breast milk contains sufficient vitamin C for a baby's needs. Commercially available formulas and many prepared fruit juices are fortified with vitamin C.

Other reported cases include people with monotonous or peculiar diets, including patients undergoing dialysis; those with cognitive disorders,^{[21, 22]}psychiatric illnesses,^[23]malabsorption, inflammatory bowel disease, Whipple disease, or dyspepsia (those who avoid acidic foods); and those receiving cancer chemotherapy,

International statistics

Scurvy is a problem when general malnutrition exists, as in some impoverished, underdeveloped third-world countries. Scurvy also occurs in epidemic proportions in international refugee camps and in populations that subsist mainly on cereal grains.

A study of nonhospitalized patients in Paris found that 5% of women and 12% of men were deficient^[24]; in those older than 65 years, this proportion increased to 15% of women and 20% of men.

In a case series from Thailand that reviewed 28 cases of scurvy in infants and children (10 mo to 9 yr and 7 mo; median age, 29 mo) hospitalized over a 7-year period (1995-2002), investigators noted that prolonged consumption of heated milk (ultra-high temperature [UHT] milk) and inadequate intake of vegetables and fruits were the risk factors for the development of scurvy.^[25]

In tests of plasma vitamin C levels in the low-income/materially deprived population of the United Kingdom, carried out between 2003 and 2005 (433 men; 876 women), the Low Income Diet and Nutrition Survey found evidence of vitamin C deficiency in an estimated 25% of men and 16% of women.^[11]Another 20% of the study population had vitamin C levels in the depleted range. According to the report, predictors of plasma vitamin C levels at or below the depleted range include being male, having a low dietary intake of vitamin C, not taking vitamin supplements, and smoking.^[11]

A study of healthy elderly (age 70-75 yr) persons living in Padua, Italy, took a baseline and 10-year follow-up dietary history and found vitamin C deficiency rose over the 10-year span, from 3% to 6% in men and from 2.3% to 4.5% in women, which led the authors to recommend multivitamin supplementation in healthy elderly persons.^[26]

Race, sex, and age differences in incidence

According to NHANES 2004, non-Hispanic white men (11.8%) (had a slightly increased risk of vitamin C deficiency compared with non-Hispanic black men (8.9%) and Mexican American men (7.7%).^[20]Similarly, the non-Hispanic white women (8.2%) had higher rates of vitamin C deficiency compared with non-Hispanic black women (5%) and Mexican American women (4.2%). Mexican American males and females had a lower risk of vitamin C deficiency probably because the traditional Mexican diet is rich in chilies, tomatoes, and squashes, which are high in vitamin C.^[20]

Some studies show vitamin C deficiency to be more common among men, whereas others show equal distribution among men and women. NHANES 2004 shows slightly higher prevalence for men (8.2%) than for women (6%).

NHANES 2007-2008 data showed that among American males older than 20 years, the daily intake was 26 mg higher than for females. In fact, teenage females had the lowest intake, followed by preadolescent females and women in their 60s.^[27]

Although scurvy can occur at any age, the incidence of scurvy peaks in children aged 6-12 months who are fed a diet deficient in citrus fruits or vegetables, as well as in elderly populations, who sometimes have "tea-and-toast" diets deficient in vitamin C. Scurvy is uncommon in the neonatal period.

Prognosis

Typically, scurvy carries an excellent prognosis if diagnosed and treated appropriately. Manifestations of scurvy, including the following, tend to dramatically improve, resolving within weeks, if adequate oral vitamin C is given in daily doses to recoup body stores:

Spontaneous bleeding stops within 1 day
Muscle and bone pain abate quickly
Bleeding and sore gums heal in 2-3 days
Ecchymoses heal within 12 days

In advanced scurvy, serum bilirubin normalizes in less than 1 week, and anemia is corrected in less than a month.

Complications

The predominant morbidity associated with this disease is a result of hemorrhage into various tissues and depends on the site of involvement. Subperiosteal hemorrhages cause pain and tenderness, resulting in pseudoparalysis. Loss of function at the site of the hemorrhage and anemia are typical sequelae of the hemorrhages observed in scurvy. Subperiosteal hemorrhage in the tibia and femur causes excruciating pain.

Laboratory data suggest that the neonatal brain is particularly susceptible to vitamin C deficiency and that this condition may adversely affect early brain development.^[28]

Until minimal daily requirements of vitamin C were supplied, scurvy plagued prolonged naval voyages and military campaigns as personnel succumbed to its devastating effects. Lethargy, fatigue, and hemorrhagic manifestations of impaired collagen synthesis affecting oral, ophthalmic, musculoskeletal, cardiac, and gastrointestinal structures and functions incapacitated or killed more people than enemy action in many cases.

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Author

Coauthor(s)

Specialty Editor Board

Francisco Talavera, PharmD, PhD Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Pharmacy; Editor-in-Chief, Medscape Drug Reference

Disclosure: Received salary from Medscape for employment. for: Medscape.

Arthur B Chausmer, MD, PhD, FACP, FACE, FACN, CNS Professor of Medicine (Endocrinology, Adj), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine; Affiliate Research Professor, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Program, School of Computational Sciences, George Mason University; Principal, C/A Informatics, LLC

Arthur B Chausmer, MD, PhD, FACP, FACE, FACN, CNS is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Nutrition, American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, International Society for Clinical Densitometry, American College of Endocrinology, American College of Physicians, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American Medical Informatics Association, Endocrine Society